Friday, January 30, 2015

Chemical Education In Nepal: Problems, Efforts and Progress

Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal has commenced teaching, research, and other academic activities from July 14, 1959. Master's Degree in Chemistry was started only from November 28, 1965.
Within 56 years since the establishment of TU,  the country’s oldest university, there has been little focus on intensive research into science and technology.
There are nine Universities in Nepal. All these universities in the country are keener on handing out affiliations to new private undergraduate schools rather than empowering themselves. TU has 60 constituent campuses and more than 800 affiliated colleges throughout the country. The University has central departments in most disciplines at its Kirtipur campus, which enrolls 90 M.Sc. students each year in Chemistry, 120 in Physics, 48 in Microbiology, 48 in Environment sciences and 90 in Mathematics.
After the completion of final exam, only 30% meritorious students get the opportunity for a Master’s Thesis Research in Chemistry. Moreover, the department has not been able to expand itself beyond the traditional physical, inorganic and organic chemistry disciplines, probably due to the lack of funding and expertise. Recently, TU expanded its M.Sc program in Chemistry to its regional campuses like Tri-Chandra Campus (90 students), Birendra Campus, Bharatpur (60 students) and Mahendra Morang Campus, Biratnagar (60 students) but these programmes too are mostly teaching oriented. The situation is not very different in other universities either.


What is the problem?
·         Nepal Government allocates very less amount of money for the research and maintenance of the department. The prime minister is also chancellor of Nepal’s university system. Similarly, the Education Minister holds the office of pro-chancellor. To hire the top brass of the university, a search committee, recommends names to the associate-chancellor. Then a vice-chancellor is recruited by the prime minister upon the recommendation of the pro-chancellor. Unfortunately, over the past 10 years, the top posts of vice-chancellor, rector, and registrar have been distributed among the major political parties.
·         Faculties within the department are hiring lecturers with Master’s degrees but with no or little research experience. Recently, it was  seen that three masters degree holders were hired representing each from three big parties. Unlike in developed countries, the hiring process is primitive and takes years to complete.
·         Extreme politicizing for a minor event.
·         Lack of energetic staff members in the Central Department of Chemistry (CDC).
·         Professors  in CDC are blamed for working for their political party of  their interest rather than empowering the department.

Key Note
A sensible way to fix this crisis would be to create an educational system where the vice-chancellor and other top policymakers are appointed by a non-political committee composed of experienced and capable scholars with expertise in a variety of fields. If efforts are made to hire candidates with vision beyond politics, many of the current problems facing the Nepali education system will be resolved. Only then will Nepal’s Universities be fast movers in research and innovation. We should set ambitious goals in science and technology; some great initiatives have been undertaken but more need to be done to reform chemical science studies in Nepal.

A dawn of hope:
A handful of energetic and young chemists are working to develop chemical science in Nepal. Several conferences and symposiums are conducted yearly.  The Nepal Chemical Society and TU organized a big International Chemical Science Conference, called ‘Chemical Congress’, in 2008 in Kathmandu. The conference brought national and international exposure to many students, chemists, and professionals in the advancement of chemical science. Since then, other conferences, such as ‘Polychar International Conference on Advance Materials and Nanotechnology’ and ‘Kathmandu Symposia on Advanced Materials’ have been organised every year and are led by a prominent professor of chemistry at the TU Central Department of Chemistry, Rameshwar Adhikari. These conferences have been successful in bringing many international scientists, including Noble laureates, to Nepal from more than 20 countries.
A research lab is now being established at the Department of Chemistry in the Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus of TU at Biratnagar under the initiation of a very energetic chemist, Ajaya Bhattarai. Inspite of  several problems he appealed for funds with friends and other chemists who are studying abroad and brought  UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Hats off to Ajaya Bhattarai for his relentless efforts for the development of Chemical Science in Nepal!
Source: Kosh Neupane Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, the US (koshalnp@hotmail.com)

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